Bir Umm Fawakhir

A Byzantine gold mining site surveyed by archaeologists in detail. 216 buildings have been identified housing an estimated labor force of 1,000. Given the sites remote nature almost all supplies had to be transported and similar to the quarry sites Mons Claudianus and Porphyrites documents record the supply contacts with the Nile valley. To be profitable it had to be a large state run mine.

Gold,

Underground Mining,